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Innovative Depression Treatments Many people suffering from depression find it difficult to find a treatment they can tolerate. Some suffer from a lack of response to medications or suffer from uncontrollable adverse side effects. The health benefits inherent to increased coverage of effective treatment are believed to be substantial (table 2). The discounted value for depression is $399 billion, and for anxiety disorders, $169 billion. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) TMS utilizes a magnet field to deliver short pulses of current to specific brain regions that appear to be overactive in depression patients. The treatment is non-invasive and doesn't require anesthesia. It's also highly effective and well tolerated in comparison to antidepressant medications. The person who receives TMS is sitting in a chair similar to a dentist's chair. A trained technician places a device with an electromagnetic coil against the frontal area of the head. The coil is able to pulse rapidly, and the person may hear or feel a clicking noise on their scalp. depression treatment for elderly (measured in hertz or Hz) is called a “pulse”. The frequency of the pulses can vary from low (1 pulse every second) to high (10 per second). The treatment isn't painful but the magnetic field affects the cells that are located in the outer layer. It depolarizes cortical cells and the transynaptic effects can affect the brain's deeper regions that are involved in mood. For instance, TMS with higher frequencies over the left dorsolateral pf cortex (DLPFC) can enhance mesolimbic neurocircuits that modulate emotional responses. Certain insurance plans provide TMS as an alternative to psychiatric medication. You should consult with your insurance provider to see what you're covered under your plan. In clinical studies, TMS produced significant and long-lasting improvements in depression symptoms over an placebo. Patients can receive up to 30 TMS sessions over the period of just a few weeks. Patients with more severe depression might require more time to complete their treatment. Certain of the latest TMS treatments use low-frequency pulses, which is less likely to trigger side effects such as seizures. While the method is still in the early stages of development however, it's a promising treatment option for those who don't respond to antidepressants or psychotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) The brain's natural chemical systems are balanced by ECT. It is one of the safest and most effective treatments for depression. It can be used to treat other mental health issues such as schizophrenia. The ECT procedure is performed in a hospital or an outpatient treatment center. The procedure is performed by medical experts. An anaesthetic general is administered prior to the procedure, which means there is no discomfort. The ECT team will connect monitoring equipment to keep track of your heart rate and oxygen levels, blood pressure and brain waves. You will be provided with an anti-muscle relaxant to keep you calm, as well as a mouthguard to protect your teeth. Two discs made of metal (bilateral ECT) or one disc (unilateral ECT) are placed on your head, one on each side or in the middle of your forehead. The anaesthetist will then give you an injection of medication that induces sleep. You will be woken up in the ECT room. A member of the ECT staff will be available to answer any questions that you may have. You will be asked to complete a consent form prior to you undergo the treatment. It may be difficult to take in all the information when you're given information about ECT. It is best to have a relative or a friend with you. You should be given at minimum 24 hours to think about the treatment before having to decide. During the procedure, you'll be able to experience brief seizures or fits, which last just 40 seconds to two minutes. The ECT doctor will adjust the amount of electric pulses you receive depending on the response you show. You will likely have short courses of ECT. In general, 6-12 sessions are scheduled two times a week. It is unclear what exactly ECT works. However, it is believed to trigger the release certain chemicals that aid brain cells to communicate. It also appears to alter how brain cells grow. ECT is effective in treating severe depressions, suicidal feeling, catatonia secondary depression and other psychiatric issues. Research has shown that approximately half of those who receive ECT improve and remain well for up to one year or longer. It is particularly helpful for those whose symptoms aren't responding to medication or other psychosocial treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an operation that involves implanting electrodes in the brain. The electrodes are connected to a small device that sends electric pulses into the area of your brain that regulates symptoms. The pulses may help to reduce your symptoms and increase the quality of your life. DBS can treat many conditions such as movement disorders like Parkinson's or essential tremors, as well as psychiatric conditions such as obsessional-compulsive disorder and depression. It can also reduce seizures in epilepsy sufferers. It is also able to treat extreme pain caused by nerve and brain conditions. DBS is a highly effective treatment for many patients with TRD and can be combined with other treatments like ECT. However, it is important to remember that not all patients can benefit from DBS. Certain patients don't see any symptom improvement, and some may even experience a worsening symptoms of depression. This inability to respond could be due to a variety of factors that include patient-related factors, like personality traits or psychiatric comorbidity, as well as factors that affect the clinical, such as an inaccurate diagnosis or a suboptimal DBS goal. Researchers employed a machine-learning algorithm to classify the changes in LFPs that were recorded during intraoperative DBS. The results indicated that changes in beta power were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. These results suggest that DBS could be used as a predictor of antidepressant effects. This hypothesis must be confirmed by further research. DBS is a well-known treatment for movement disorders, and it is also being used to treat a growing number of psychiatric problems. However, it's not widely known as an option for treating depression. The FDA has approved DBS to help reduce seizures in patients with difficult-to-treat Epilepsy. Research is currently being conducted to determine if DBS can be used in treating depression. Before undergoing DBS, you should discuss your options with a psychiatrist or neurologist. The neurologist will examine you and recommends the most appropriate treatment for you. The doctor will also advise you of the potential risks and benefits associated with DBS. It is also important to inquire about any preparations or tests you might need to take prior to the procedure. It is likely that you will require an imaging test, blood test and other tests before the procedure. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective by various outcome studies. It is most often used as a standalone treatment but it may be used in conjunction with medication in some cases. CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that helps you change negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute to depression. It is based on the theory that the way you see and react to situations is more important than the actual situation itself. It is a very active type of psychotherapy and places an emphasis on solving problems and discovering and changing dysfunctional thinking patterns. CBT's goal is to assist you in becoming your own therapy by helping you understand and change the ways you think and behave. It utilizes homework and exercises during sessions and out of sessions to teach you new abilities. CBT focuses on current issues and challenges and not past experiences or the root causes. However, it requires a certain amount of information about your personal history to be able to recognize and address issues present and future. CBT is a short-term therapy that typically lasts 6 to 20 sessions. It is an empirically-based therapy and its duration is determined by whether or not you meet the goals you set at the start of therapy. It is a highly active and demanding therapy that requires a high level of commitment and hard work from you. Other cognitive behavioral therapies may be beneficial to you. They include acceptance and commitment therapy, which teaches you how to engage in positive behavior even when you are struggling with negative thoughts or emotions; dialectical behaviour therapy which deals with suicidal thoughts and self-injury, as well as psychotherapy for interpersonal relationships that aims to fix relationship issues that contribute to depression. There are a lot of exciting new treatments on the horizon that promise to be game-changing for those suffering from depression. There are some that are already in use, such as deep brain stimulation, in which surgeons implant electrodes in your brain, which send out painless zaps to alter the electrical activity that's the cause of your symptoms. Other advancements are being studied, including the development of a personalized medication for depression. This could reduce the need for trial and error to discover the best treatment for you.